Computer History


"Who invented the computer?" is not a question with a simple answer. The real answer is that many inventors contributed to the history of computers and that a computer is a complex piece of machinery made up of many parts, each of which can be considered a separate invention.
This series covers many of the major milestones in computer history (but not all of them) with a concentration on the history of personal home computers.

Computer HistoryYear/Enter
Computer HistoryInventors/Inventions
Computer HistoryDescription of Event
1936
Konrad Zuse - Z1 Computer
First freely programmable computer.
1942
John Atanasoff & Clifford BerryABC Computer
Who was first in the computing biz is not always as easy as ABC.
1944
Howard Aiken & Grace HopperHarvard Mark I Computer
The Harvard Mark 1 computer.
1946
John Presper Eckert & John W. MauchlyENIAC 1 Computer
20,000 vacuum tubes later...
1948
Frederic Williams & Tom KilburnManchester Baby Computer & The Williams Tube
Baby and the Williams Tube turn on the memories.
1947/48
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain & Wiliam ShockleyThe Transistor
No, a transistor is not a computer, but this invention greatly affected the history of computers.
1951
John Presper Eckert & John W. MauchlyUNIVAC Computer
First commercial computer & able to pick presidential winners.
1953
International Business MachinesIBM 701 EDPM Computer
IBM enters into 'The History of Computers'.
1954
John Backus & IBM FORTRAN Computer Programming Language
The first successful high level programming language.
1955(In Use 1959)
Stanford Research Institute, Bank of America, and General ElectricERMA and MICR
The first bank industry computer - also MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) for reading checks.
1958
Jack Kilby & Robert NoyceThe Integrated Circuit
Otherwise known as 'The Chip'
1962
Steve Russell & MITSpacewar Computer Game
The first computer game invented.
1964
Douglas EngelbartComputer Mouse & Windows
Nicknamed the mouse because the tail came out the end.
1969
ARPAnet
The original Internet.
1970
Intel 1103 Computer Memory
The world's first available dynamic RAM chip.
1971
Faggin, Hoff & MazorIntel 4004 Computer Microprocessor
The first microprocessor.
1971
Alan Shugart &IBMThe "Floppy" Disk
Nicknamed the "Floppy" for its flexibility.
1973
Robert Metcalfe & XeroxThe Ethernet Computer Networking
Networking.
1974/75
Scelbi & Mark-8 Altair & IBM 5100 Computers
The first consumer computers.
1976/77
Apple I, II & TRS-80 & Commodore Pet Computers
More first consumer computers.
1978
Dan Bricklin & Bob FrankstonVisiCalc Spreadsheet Software
Any product that pays for itself in two weeks is a surefire winner.
1979
Seymour Rubenstein & Rob BarnabyWordStar Software
Word Processors.
1981
IBMThe IBM PC - Home Computer
From an "Acorn" grows a personal computer revolution
1981
MicrosoftMS-DOS Computer Operating System
From "Quick And Dirty" comes the operating system of the century.
1983
Apple Lisa Computer
The first home computer with a GUI, graphical user interface.
1984
Apple Macintosh Computer
The more affordable home computer with a GUI.
1985
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft begins the friendly war with Apple.
SERIES
TO BE
CONTINUED

More threat coming from india and brazil

The number of viruses sent over email has increased by 300 percent in the last three months, according to managed security firm, Network Box.
Analysis of Internet threats by Network Box in July 2009 shows the number of viruses is at its highest so far this year, peaking at around 12 viruses per customer per hour.
An increasing number of these viruses (5.2 per cent) are originating from India, which is the fourth largest source of Internet threats behind the US (16.59 per cent), Brazil (14.11 per cent) and Korea (6.2 per cent). This is notable as it is the first time that such a significant proportion of the world’s Internet threats have originated from India.
It is unsurprising that India is making inroads as a major threat source, according to Simon Heron, Internet Security Analyst for Network Box: “India is a major economic force, with an increasing IT infrastructure and IT industry. A growing middle class with disposable income means an increasing take-up in computers and bandwidth. However, the economy remains difficult to regulate. This results in significant numbers of illegal copies of operating systems, which don’t get patched or updated. They then become infected and so in turn become sources of malware.”
Although the percentage of threats coming from the US is still high at 16.59 per cent, it has reduced from 21 per cent in June. The US has also reduced its proportion of spam slightly from 11.2 per cent to 10.2 per cent. Brazil has overtaken the US as the single biggest source of the world’s spam, now producing more than 12.6 per cent.
Heron says this is in part a result of the sheer volume of spam and malware coming from other parts of the world: “The major reason for a decreasing proportion of attacks from the US is the increase from other areas, particularly Brazil, China, Korea and India.
“However, over the past year we’ve also seen the US close down three significant data centres acting for botnets. The most notable one was McColo, but the demise of EstDomains and Atrivo has also contributed to a slow down in the number of threats coming from the US. The global picture, though, shows spam levels back to the same levels, or higher, than before these hosting companies were closed down.”
Phishing attacks have also significantly increased from last month, now making up more than 36 (36.52) per cent of all viruses, against around five per cent last month.
For more information on security issues, see Network Box, or visit Simon Heron’s blog or follow Simon on Twitter.

New push technology system..............!

Managed security company, Network Box, has completed the migration of its patented new HQPUSH system to all 11 of its network operating centers (NOCs) throughout the world. Network Box has pioneered the use of push technology (pushing updates to customers as soon as they are available, rather than relying on system updates). The new system offers improved performance and lets Network Box push out security updates to its customers more effectively.
Since it was founded in 1999, Network Box has used push technology to get updates onto its unified threat management (UTM) appliances, on client sites. The new HQPUSH system allows Network Box to monitor continuously all of its sources of security signatures and to push out changes almost immediately. Updates are concurrently installed on regional NOCs within three seconds of their release and on all end-user Network Box UTM devices – globally – within 45 seconds.

Simon Heron, Internet Security Analyst at Network Box, says: “Pushing updates to clients as soon as they are available has obviously benefits over waiting for a system to update – clients have the most up-to-date protection available, all the time. The new HQPUSH system is even faster, minimizing latency. In other words, it speeds up the time between the update being available, and it being on our clients’ appliances.”

Push technology offers a number of additional significant advantages over pull technology (in which the end-user requests the updates). For example, push technology enables the managed security provider to make certain that updates are correctly installed and activated. It also makes optimum use of the provider’s network for delivering updates, in both resource utilisation and source of updates.

More information is available from Network Box. A Network Box white paper on push technology can be accessed here.

Safe online shopping

If you have wondered how safe is online shopping, you are like many other people with the same question. Online shopping can be very safe if you know how to protect your personal information.
When you ask how safe is online shopping you will get a variety of answers. Online shopping has come a long way over the years and it is not what it used to be. You can find many secure sites out there that keep your name and personal information completely confidential. The number one thing you can do to shop safely online is to only deal with reputable companies. They should boast about how secure their checkout is and how they will never share your personal information.
You may be at more risk with shopping in person. You should think about how many times you freely give out your credit card and personal information. This may pose a bigger risk than online shopping. The odds are you are just as likely to be a victim of identity theft shopping in person compared to online shopping.
So the next time you ask yourself how safe is online shopping, you will understand that there are many ways to safely complete online transactions. If you are careful with what companies you do business with, you will help prevent any fraudulent activities from happening to you. Online shopping can be a fun way to do your shopping, and it is much more convenient than driving to a store and waiting in a long line. If you have a little trust, you will find that the experience is much more secure than you might have thought.

Microsoft apologizes


Washington, Software giant Microsoft apologized Wednesday for the apparent bad judgment that led to the head of a black model being swapped for that of a white model in an online advertisement.

A black man in an online Microsoft ad was replaced with a white man, bottom, on the company's Polish Web site.

The ad which showed three business people, one Asian, one white and one black -- was altered on Microsoft's Web site for Poland to place the head of a white man on a black man's body.
"We apologized, fixed the error and we are looking into how it happened," said Lou Gellos, a Microsoft spokesman.

He said that because the company was still reviewing how the swap occurred he could not comment further.

On Microsoft's official page on the social network site Twitter, a posting calls the swap "a marketing mistake" and offers "sincere apologies."
The episode drew widespread criticism on the Internet after Engadget, an influential tech blog, published news of the gaffe Tuesday.

The business Web site CNET.com wrote that the change in models may have been made with the "racially homogeneous" Polish market in mind.

Apple-1 replica from scratch


At KansasFest 2009, held July 21 to 26 in Kansas City, Mo., retrocomputing fans from around the world gathered to celebrate the Apple II, the computer that launched Apple Computer Inc. to fame. But going back even further than that is the Apple-1 the machine Steve Wozniak invented and first demonstrated at the Palo Alto Homebrew Computer Club in 1976. In attendance at KansasFest was Vince Briel, who has created an authorized reproduction of this classic machine. Briel's Replica 1 sells for $149 and comes as an unassembled kit. He held a workshop at KansasFest to help new owners put together their own working Apple-1 machines. As a regular KansasFest attendee (and the conference's marketing director), I was one of his students. Follow along as I assemble a fully functional Apple-1 clone, as documented in these photos by Emily Kahm.

Computer virus

A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without the permission or knowledge of the owner. The term "virus" is also commonly but erroneously used to refer to other types of malware, adware, and spyware programs that do not have the reproductive ability. A true virus can only spread from one computer to another (in some form of executable code) when its host is taken to the target computer; for instance because a user sent it over a network or the Internet, or carried it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive. Viruses can increase their chances of spreading to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer.

The term "computer virus" is sometimes used as a catch-all phrase to include all types of malware. Malware includes computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, most rootkits, spyware, dishonest adware, crimeware, and other malicious and unwanted software), including true viruses. Viruses are sometimes confused with computer worms and Trojan horses, which are technically different. A worm can exploit security vulnerabilities to spread itself to other computers without needing to be transferred as part of a host, and a Trojan horse is a program that appears harmless but has a hidden agenda. Worms and Trojans, like viruses, may cause harm to either a computer system's hosted data, functional performance, or networking throughput, when they are executed. Some viruses and other malware have symptoms noticeable to the computer user, but many are surreptitious.

Most personal computers are now connected to the Internet and to local area networks, facilitating the spread of malicious code. Today's viruses may also take advantage of network services such as the World Wide Web, e-mail, Instant Messaging, and file sharing systems to spread.

Muslim Province

Pro-China and pro-Muslim hackers have clashed online in a series of attacks on Web sites triggered by deadly ethnic riots in China's Muslim region last month.

Messages left on defaced Web sites have either supported or condemned China's rule over Xinjiang, the western province where rioting killed nearly 200 people. Chinese government Web sites have become the latest targets, adding to online attacks against an Australian film festival and a Turkish government site.

Searches on Friday revealed a dozen Web sites of local Chinese government offices that had been defaced with messages in support of the country's Uighur ethnic minority group. The Uighurs, a mostly Muslim group native to Xinjiang, have complained of poor protection of their culture and a lack of economic opportunity as China has encouraged migration to Xinjiang by Han Chinese, the country's large ethnic majority. Uighurs and Han Chinese carrying sticks and shovels hunted each other in packs during the rioting last month, which was triggered by an ethnic brawl in far-away southern China that left two Uighurs dead.

Messages on some of the defaced Web sites called China's policies toward Uighurs "genocide," and images left behind included the flag of the region's independence movement.
Hacking activities that support Uighurs have been uncommon, though local Chinese government Web sites are often defaced.

"Honestly, I've never seen or heard of a pro-Uighur hacker before," said Scott Henderson, the author of a blog that covers Chinese hackers, in an e-mail. "That was really unusual."
Chinese Web sites are often hacked, due mainly to weak security, Henderson said.

Pro-China hackers last month defaced the Web sites of the Turkish Embassy in China and the Melbourne International Film Festival. The embassy was targeted after Turkish officials criticized China following the unrest in Xinjiang, and the film festival was targeted as it prepared to show a documentary about Rebiya Kadeer, a Uighur leader accused by China of organizing the riots.

Attackers placed the Chinese flag and messages blasting Kadeer on the film festival Web site, and later organized a flood of the festival's online ticketing system that left the showing of the Kadeer documentary sold out.

Uighurs have links to Turkey, including their Turkic language and practice of Islam. Greater autonomy for Xinjiang and Tibet, among the most politically charged issues in China, is hotly opposed in the media and much of the country's populace.

Patriotic Chinese hackers have launched attacks on foreign Web sites before, including against CNN last year over its coverage of an uprising in Tibet.

The attacks this time seem to follow the usual pattern, Henderson said.
"When questions of sovereignty arise, the government issues a strong statement against the action, and the Chinese hackers find a way to give it an exclamation point," he said.

The attacks appeared to be done by individuals, though the mass ticket purchase was more clever and could have been social mobilization rather than a hack, Henderson said.
China blocked all Internet access in Xinjiang after the rioting last month, and Twitter and Facebook have been inaccessible across the country since the days following the event. China said late last month it had started restoring Internet access in the province only for certain businesses.

IBM

IBM India has partnered with Tally Solutions to bundle Tally ERP 9 Gold with IBM’s Smart Business platform targeting SMB customers.

The IBM Smart Business portfolio includes x-series server and storage, and security and communications software including Tivoli, Lotus Domino and ISS.

“This is a win-win strategy for both IBM and Tally. Tally has a virtual monopoly in the accounting software space, and has graduated successfully to the ERP market. We were on the lookout for an ERP partner for our Smart Business initiative,” explained Juhi Jotwani, VP, IBM Smart Business.

Tally India had earlier tied up with Dell to bundle ERP 9 with the Vostro range on a subscription model.

IBM’s Smart Business initiative is an umbrella framework where third-party solutions are tailor-made to work on IBM x series platform and interoperate with IBM software with zero integration efforts.

Said Bharat Goenka, CMD, Tally Solutions, “Together with IBM we will try to develop around 500 to 1,000 reseller partners who can carry the solution to SMBs. We believe that an ERP solution is a must for a SMB to grow.”

IBM Smart Business portfolio bundled with Tally ERP starts from as low as Rs 500,000.

“The Smart Business platform is designed to provide an organization a single-point solution including the hardware infrastructure and all the necessary applications such as ERP, messaging, calendaring, communication, and security,” added Jotwani.

Microsoft sales

Microsoft Corp. blamed weakness in the global PC and server markets for a sharp drop in quarterly revenue that badly missed Wall Street's forecasts.
Sales fell 17% to $13.1 billion in the company's fourth quarter ended June 30, far short of analysts' forecasts of $14.4 billion. It was the second consecutive quarter in which sales fell from year-ago levels. In the company's previous quarter, sales fell for the first time in Microsoft's 23-year history as a public company.
"The fourth quarter was one of the most difficult, but in some ways encouraging, in the company's history," said Microsoft Chief Financial Officer Chris Liddell on a conference call with analysts. "We are a stronger company than we were a year ago, but the economy continues to be challenging."
Liddell said he expects a difficult economic environment for the remainder of the calendar year and into the first quarter of 2010, saying Microsoft's sales and earnings would likely face painful year-over-year comparisons for the rest of 2009.
He said the company is optimistic about the effects of a looming economic recovery as well as sales of new products, including Windows 7. But he declined to call a bottom on a difficult sales environment, saying sales of PCs, servers and IT services may have more room to fall.
Shares of Microsoft (MSFT, Fortune 500) fell 8% after hours.
The company's profit also declined, but managed to beat analysts' forecasts.
The Redmond, Wash.-based software giant said its fourth-quarter net income fell 29% to $3.1 billion, or 34 cents per share.
Results included a 2-cents-per-share hit due to $276 million of deferred income from pre-sales of its new Windows 7 operating system, and charges of 2 cents a share on previously announced job cuts and other one-time events.
Excluding the deferral and charges, Microsoft earned 38 cents per share. Analysts polled by Thomson Reuters, who typically exclude one-time items from their estimates, had projected earnings of 36 cents per share.
"There are clearly some long-term issues Microsoft is facing," said David Smith, Microsoft analyst with Gartner. "Though some of it involves the economy and product cycles, the move to lower-cost PCs puts lots of price pressure on the company, as does the continued interest in the Web."


PC sales roil Windows.The company said weak PC sales, especially those sold to businesses, negatively impacted sales of its Windows operating system, which fell 29% in the quarter.
In addition to Windows, deteriorating computer sales have also hurt Microsoft software products like Office.
Microsoft's Vista operating system, which was released in early 2007, never took off like the company had hoped. Sales, along with user satisfaction, have been underwhelming, and IT departments have largely opted to stick with Vista's predecessor, Windows XP.
But preliminary reviews of Microsoft's next operating system, Windows 7, have been largely positive, and the release date was bumped up from early 2010 to October 22. Select users will be able to download Windows 7 in just two weeks.
"Windows 7 puts Microsoft in a very good position to put the problems with Vista behind them," said Smith. "Still, they face pressures with netbooks, and plans to put Windows 7 on netbooks hasn't yet been finalized."
Microsoft isn't alone. Global PC sales have been slumping throughout the recession, sinking 5% just in the past quarter, according to tech consultant Gartner. But Gartner believes PC sales will tick up in the fourth quarter, and Microsoft said it believes computer sales have mostly normalized.
Still, hardware continues to crumble, knocking sales in Microsoft's server unit, off 6% in the latest quarter. Revenue from its entertainment and devices division, which includes the Xbox 360, fell 25% from last year and lost $130 million.

Search battle is on. Microsoft's search market share had been slipping for more than two years. But last month marked the biggest monthly jump in a year for Microsoft, after the company unveiled its Bing search engine in early June. Bing immediately stopped Google's search market growth and ate into Yahoo's.
Despite Bing's initial success, Microsoft still failed to turn a profit in its online advertising business. Microsoft's Online Services division, which includes the online portal MSN and its Internet advertising sales, lost $732 million in the quarter, and sales in the division were down 13% from the same quarter a year earlier.
Still, Google and Yahoo also struggled to sell search advertising this past quarter as well, as advertisers have pulled back in a difficult economy. Analysts widely expect a long-awaited deal to be struck in the coming days between Microsoft and Yahoo for Yahoo's search advertising business.
Results came as competition grows between Microsoft and its rivals. Google announced in early July that it will unveil an operating system for netbooks next year a market of which Microsoft controls about 90%. Last week, Microsoft announced it would offer a free Web version of its Office suite early next year, which would compete with Google Docs.
Microsoft hopes to make up for any lost revenue by selling ad space on the free version of its hit Office suite. "A comparable set of offerings to Google should go a long way toward people not having to go outside of Microsoft," said Smith.

Microsoft patent pact

Microsoft has signed another patent pact with a supplier of Linux-based products. This time it is with the parent company of Buffalo.

Cannon EOS 500D Digiral SLR



Nevertheless, a number of companies - including LG, Samsung, and Fuji Xerox - have entered into agreements with Microsoft that ensure their customers are protected from potential action by the software giant. In the absence of any specific claims, the thinking seems to be 'better safe than sorry.'

The latest manufacturer to fall into line is Melco, Buffalo's parent company.

The deal covers Buffalo NAS and router products that run Linux.

"While we plan to increasingly adopt Windows Storage Server for our NAS business, we also wanted to ensure that our open source and Linux-embedded devices had the appropriate IP protections," said Buffalo director Hajime Nakai.

"By collaborating with Microsoft on a practical business solution, we are able to provide our customers with the appropriate IP coverage, while also maintaining full compliance with our obligations under the GPLv2."

Details of the agreement have not been revealed beyond the fact that the only financial consideration involved flows from Melco to Microsoft.

"We are pleased to reach this agreement with Melco Group," said David Kaefer, general manager of intellectual property and licensing at Microsoft.

If the cash flows in one direction, how could it be otherwise?

IT GUIDE

Those damned users. They're always whining about how people in IT don't get them, don't know how to communicate, and need to "align" to their interests. As if only IT pros have to do the work in the relationship.

But we all know that this unfair situation is common, and IT suffers as a result. And IT pros particularly suffer when it's time for cutbacks. Fortunately, IT pros can get the upper hand by thinking of users as a problem to be solved through a rational plan, as if it were any other vexing issue that gums up the works.

Fun with "us versus them": Check out InfoWorld's "Stupid user tricks" series and "Dirty IT jobs" series. Wear your geekdom with pride, with InfoWorld's signature T-shirts and mugs.

To help IT get the upper hand, InfoWorld has put together an eight-part plan for dealing with users, which we call the "Users for Dummies" plan, after the famous line of books that teaches everything from Windows Vista to sex for the novice, um, user.

HR people and hiring managers, bless their hearts, would call this "soft skills," a squishy term that often insinuates that IT pros will never get it. Herewith is InfoWorld's guide to mastering those soft skills in a way that anyone with a disciplined, engineering mind can use.
By the time you've worked through this eight-step guide, you'll have a working arsenal of soft skills -- and the advantage of being able to work with users at their level while remaining fully in command of your right brain.

Importants of e-besiness for IT industry

As the name suggests e-business is electronic business. For the very first time the term e-business was used by IBM in 1997. But, now these days it is getting popular among every businessperson. E- Business is accomplished with the help of some web based technologies and automated information system.
E-business can be conducted using the Web, the Internet, intranets, extranets, or some combination of these. Business through electronic media offers much more sophisticated opportunities to amplify business sales.
Today, many big as well as small companies are taking interest in e-business and trying to explore new business opportunities. E- Business eliminates the role of a middle man in business i.e. the agent, because an organization can directly deal with suppliers and can even made payments through internet.
First big deal was made by Dell Computers which involves millions of dollars of money. Other big companies are also providing e- business service like IBM website includes a special section on e-business.
Electronic business allows better data processing to an organization. A business man is independent to work more efficiently with its suppliers and partners to satisfy customers’ expectations.
To achieve e-business, you are provided with models like – E- shops, E-malls, E- auctions, Virtual communities, value chain service provider, third party market places etc. These models provide options to the customers to directly deal with the supplier, which is an additional advantage over traditional business way.
E-Business India uses expert E-architects to develop a comprehensive online approach to accomplish your targets for efficient and effective performance through a well Designed Website.
E-business India has attained a new and more sophisticated development center space. This achievement will allow an organization to expand its operations and increase its staff strength. Through e-business you are not only exposed to known dealers around you.
But, you can get an opportunity to reach market world wide. In general e business is providing following benefits to an organization:
I. Cost cutting
II. Improved response speed
III. Improved communications with the help of internet services
IV. Better information sharing between organizations
V. Increased sales
VI. Acquisitions of new customers
VII. Improved customer services and ultimately more customer satisfaction
VIII. Better marketing strategy
An implementation of e-business is achieved by Wipro Technologies. Wipro together with Oracle Today sets an implementation of Oracle E-Business Suite which supplies chemicals, technology, and services to the Hydrocarbon Processing and Pulp and Paper Industries worldwide with the help of internet. They implement 19 modules in 32 weeks which is one of the fastest implementation.
Another very successful implementation in India is by PSCS (Pranav Software Consultancy Services) - an end-to-end e-business solutions and software development company, which combine cutting-edge technology with business expertise to deliver high quality, "e"nnovative Web solutions and business process application tools for global enterprises. In India, Olive e-Business has achieved Microsoft Gold Partner status with competencies in Business Process and Integration & Networking Infrastructure Solutions.

Independent Software Vendors (ISVs)




From HP to Microsoft, Sun to Intel, Sybase to AMD, vendors these days are playing the role of matchmakers. They want to strike alliances, and occasionally multiple alliances, for their partners. The suitors in the case of an HP, IBM or Sun are independent software vendors (ISVs). At the same time, vendors such as Microsoft and Sybase are scouting for partners (who sell systems and servers) for their ISVs. Consider Hewlett Packard. It’s India Technology Solutions Group (TSG) has invested in 33 professionals whose core job is to help their enterprise partners work closely with ISVs and take their combined strengths to the market. Internally called Road Runners, their job is to identify potential customers, and help with go-to-market (GTM) strategies for their partners along with solutions from their ISV partners. “We are very serious about aligning our partners with ISVs, and play the role of matchmaking through a number of initiatives. The triangulation of bringing HP, our partners and ISVs together today accounts for around 20-25 percent of our TSG business,” informs Ashok Pamidi, Director, Partner Engagement and Telesales, HP India.

IBM India is also banking on its partnerships with ISVs, and is urging its partners to work closely with ISV partners. Last year IBM had launched Eco-Link, which enables an ISV to target new geographies and customers with the help of systems integrators (SIs). “To a systems partner of IBM as well as to an ISV, our platform is like a speed-dating zone. We give them the opportunity to interact with each other, understand their strengths and weaknesses, and go to the market selling solutions,” explains Anoop Nambiar, Country Manager, Business Partner Organization, India & South Asia, IBM. “An ISV which aligns with us gets to take its solution to other geographies. For our SI partners, they can sell deep inside their accounts.” IBM has around 18 major ISVs and several smaller ISVs (aligned at regional levels, or for niche verticals) which are currently offering their solutions as part of the Eco-Link initiative. IBM is also leveraging on their partner system for its SMB GTM strategy, branded Smart Business. “Smart Business essentially helps an SMB customer to set up ready-to-deploy solutions, and saves the customer the hassles of installation, configuration and other issues associated with solutions deployment. The core of many of the readymade solutions in our Smart Business initiative are the solutions from ISVs aligned through Eco-Link,” says Nambiar. Dell, which took its baby steps in channels a couple of years ago, is also extending its ISV alliance to its partners. The vendor has been wooing ISVs as part of its ISV PartnerDirect Program, and has also signed on a number of local ISVs. “The ISV community is growing, along with their innovative solutions, to address customer pain-points. Infrastructure providers are also progressing aggressively on the innovation continuum. Therefore, to provide the end-customer with best-of-breed business-enabling solutions, an ISV-infrastructure provider partnership offers a win-win situation to all involved in the eco-system,” opines Arun Bhardwaj, Senior Manager, Enterprise Solutions Marketing & ISV Relationships for Asia-Pacific Japan, Dell.

Reaching out :- Even semiconductor giants such as Intel, AMD and Nvidia have been helping their partners reach out to ISVs. Last year Intel launched its Business Exchange portal where ISVs and other software vendors can promote their solutions. “It has been positioned as a platform to bring software providers and Intel’s channel partners closer to reach their potential customers,” says Narendra Bhandari, director of Intel Software and Solutions Group, Intel Asia Pacific. “Our partners have a wider range to choose from, and all the solutions hosted on the portal are certified to run on the Intel platform,” he adds. The ulterior motive is to ensure that most of these solutions are shipped on systems sporting the latest Intel processors. AMD India has also invested in signing and growing ISV alliances. “The difference is that we work closely with all leading software vendors such as Microsoft, Oracle, Adobe and Red Hat, and try to address their developer base and ISV base through these relationships. We take their solutions to our partners, and advise our partners on the right strategies. Since the ATI integration and launch of the Phenom class of processors, we have been increasingly working with ISVs in the visual computing segments,” informs Deepanshu Sharma, GM, AMD India. Nvidia, which is pushing its Tesla super computer platform through partners such as Connoisseur Computers, is urging ISVs to develop skill-sets on CUDA—Nvidia’s general purpose parallel computing architecture—and is also helping partners to work with some of the ISVs. “We are working with a leading ISV which helps our customers migrate their existing software to CUDA, while we provide the overall solution and deploy Tesla-powered workstations,” explains Harish Kumar R P of Connoisseur. The Cisco Industry Solutions Partner Network is Cisco’s own ecosystem that brings together application developers and Cisco partners. “Cisco’s effort is to expose our partners to a growing variety of solutions and help ISVs interact with our channel partners. While partners are looking to deliver industry solutions to increase transaction size and gross margins, we provide ISVs to grow their business,” says Paramjit Puri, Head, Strategic Alliances and SI Channel Business, Cisco India & Saarc. Even while hardware vendors are playing matchmakers, software vendors are trying to woo SIs to sell solutions from their ISV partners. Explains Rajeev Mittal, Group Director, Small and Medium Enterprise, Microsoft India, “SIs primarily focus on offering end-to-end solutions (hardware, networking, software) to a customer, while ISVs have domain knowledge and build their solutions to address the business pains of customers in focused areas. It is therefore imperative for Microsoft to help connect SIs and ISVs, and bring value to them and the end-customer who has a single point of contact. We help matchmake the SI and ISV depending on their focus and the business needs which exist.” While the speed-dating and matchmaking processes are mostly smooth, getting the relationship going is reported to be more challenging. While some vendors do step away, and expect the partners to work things out, a few like IBM and HP are looking at ways to ensure that the relationships consummate in business. “Like in any relationship, there needs to be complete understanding between the ISV and the SI to ensure that they go together to the customer and close business,” explains Nambiar of IBM. Most of the systems vendors try building marketing collateral, and offer incentives for ISVs to continue working with them. These include solutions handbooks, Web sites with details of their solutions, and even market development funds. “By building a repeatable solutions practice around a pre-qualified application, channel partners can become eligible for Cisco Solution Incentives,” explains Puri of Cisco. Vendors such as Dell even involve ISVs in their multi-billion dollar online business. Vendors also offer their products at discounted rates to ISVs to ensure that they stay interested in the ecosystem. Software vendors offer discounts as high as 90 percent, while vendors such as Sun have programs where servers are discounted at around 50 percent to the ISV.

Relationship storms :- Despite all these initiatives, there are several obstacles to ISV-SI relationships. One of the biggest is support. Since solutions integration is a complex business, it often results in a blame game. “In some cases, when the relationships are not strong, there can be bitter arguments on support issues. This results in ambiguities between the ISV and the SI about who needs to support the customer, or one partner will feel that the other has let him down,” explains Sunil Jose, Managing Director of Sybase India. “In some cases the revenue impact of the applications may at times not be attractive enough for all SI partners to support the cause,” he adds. “The gestation period of hardware sales compared to software solutions sales is shorter. Hardware partners typically sell faster and work on volumes, while a software solution sale needs a lot of dialog with customers, making it a value sale rather than a fast deal,” explains Mittal of Microsoft. “However, we see that more SI partners are realizing this, and are trying to be a single-window contact for the customer, which is a good sign.” SIs and ISVs also see ego hassles between the two stakeholders as a major bottleneck. “Who will front-end the solution is always a question mark. Customers often say categorically that they need to buy from a single vendor, and there are arguments because the share of revenues and support costs will need to have clarity,” points out Neel Shah, director of Insight Business Machines, a partner of both IBM and HP. Vendors are often called upon to play the role of an arbitrator in such instances. “We have seen several cases where the two partners have not been able to agree on the share of costs and margins. Sometimes our team has to step in to see that the solutions are delivered and the customer is taken care of,” admits Nambiar of IBM. Vendors such as IBM are working on frameworks whereby such issues can be resolved even before a pitch is made to a prospective customer. “We have come up with a comprehensive revenue-sharing plan with both parties being taken into confidence, and are fine-tuning it,” adds Nambiar. Shah of Insight calls for more action from vendors considering the gestation period for implementing software solutions. “When a solution is being deployed, often the payments come after the software vendor has successfully commissioned the solution. Vendors and distributors need to ensure that we are able to finance the hardware component of the solution and still make margins,” he says. Reducing implementation costs and the time involved is the top priority of the systems vendors, hence they are increasingly insisting that the ISVs certify the solution for the systems these vendors sell. “In such cases solution deployments are often breezy and hassle-free as we had successfully demonstrated with the Smart Business initiative. This is advantageous for all the stakeholders involved,” says Nambiar. Several SIs are also increasingly focusing on forging relationships with ISVs. Many SIs are also turning ISVs. Mumbai-based security specialist Miel ESecurity is all set to launch Helios, its endpoint security compliance tool, and is thinking of working with its peers and competitors. “We have decided that initially we need to create some noise going direct. Later we would like to forge relationships with other partners and peers,” informs Anuj Gupta, Director of Miel. However, some ISVs feel that working within vendor frameworks has tremendous advantages. “We are involved with a number of programs in the IBM partner ecosystem, are also working with some of the IBM channel partners, and the relationship has been fruitful,” informs Nagaraj Bhargava, COO of Synaptris, a Chennai-based ISV which sells enterprise BI tools. R S Shanbhag, MD of ValuePoint Systems, agrees. “We have partnered with 10-12 ISVs under the HP AllianceOne program. We feel the alliance through HP has worked because the ISV actually takes the opportunity very seriously since it gets to work with multiple HP partners instead of signing on partners all by itself.” In fact, ValuePoint has recently acquired a software development company, and will soon provide application-driven solutions to customers. However, Shanbhag is unwilling to disclose any details. “We have had both wins and losses working with ISVs. We have seen in cases where there have been successes that it’s a result of greater commitment from the ISV to work with us on selling a solution by showing a single face to the customer,” says Anirudh Shrotriya, director of Shro Systems, Pune. “It has also to do with the attitude both the partners need to take. I think the attitude should be, ‘win or lose, we should do it together.’” ISVs feel it has more to with the outlook of the SIs and their GTM strategies. “SIs who provide more than just hardware are an excellent way for an ISV to reach out to markets that would be hard to reach otherwise. The reason for this is that they have an ongoing relationship with the IT Head/CIO, and hence find it easier to introduce solutions to them,” explains Shabbir Imani, MD of NexStep Infotech, a Mumbai-based ISV. “However, working with smaller hardware channels which are only hardware-focused is more of a challenge since they find it very difficult to change the way their sales teams operate, and also offer the client applications in addition to hardware. It needs clear focus and determination to make this change, and our experience is that the success rate in such attempts is less than 25 percent. Yet the hardware channel which manages to make the change reaps rich benefits both in terms of deep relationships as well as larger deal sizes and profits.”

Need of the times :- Recession is yet another reason why the ISV community, partners and vendors are trying to come together. The general opinion is that while no one had the time to get relationships going during the boom, everyone has a lot of time to catch up during the downturn. “Things should work now because everyone can invest time in building confidence in a relationship. As an SI we want to generate business in alliance with the ISV community,” says Shrotriya. Shro also confirms that apart from vendors like HP, even distributors like Redington and Avnet are taking interest in helping partners forge ISV alliances.
Jose of Sybase stresses the importance of both partners showing patience in working the relationship out. Imani of NexStep agrees. “The challenge lies in ensuring that we pick the right partners, and do not give up in-between. From our end we do a number of things to ensure success, including training SI teams, providing good collateral, and supporting the SI on pre-sales.”
Every vendor in the industry is planning new strategies to get its partner ISV alliance growing. All of them are clear that they will grow the number of ISVs partnering them, and also ensure that more SI-ISV relationships grow. “For every solutions-centric vendor (like IBM), it’s important that its partner also has a solution to sell. It’s our endeavor to see that our partners have the best-of-breed solutions to sell, and we will continue doing the matchmaking,” sums up Nambiar.

Emerging Technologies

Let All Covered Help You Evaluate a New Technology and Determine the Business Benefit



Is your company one that tries the hot, new technology just after it is released (early adopter)? Or is your organization one that waits for months, sometimes years, before implementing the technology (late adopter)? Regardless of which end of the spectrum you fall (most small businesses are somewhere in the middle), hot or emerging technologies capture your attention because they are constantly discussed in publications, in web seminars, in conferences and many other venues.
Here are some emerging technologies that are piquing the interest of small businesses as they are starting to be adopted and are maturing in their feature set and lifecycle.



VoIP or Voice over IP is a technology which allows telephone calls to be made over your broadband Internet connection versus using the standard analog line to make telephone calls. You can use your computer to make the calls, a special IP telephone or an adapter on your standard telephone. This type of technology and service has its advantages, especially if your data connection is underutilized. Another area in which VoIP is advantageous is for those who travel often. You could be in another country, plug in your computer and make calls anywhere in the world and not need a specialized international cell phone or calling plan. It may even appear, at first glance, that you can make telephone calls for free since you're using the same resource as your Internet connection.



However, there are drawbacks to this technology. If the power goes out, you will not be able to make or receive calls unless you have a battery backup for your Internet connection. Since the technology relies on another technology – your Internet connection, you can have inconsistent uptime and voice quality.



SaaS or Software as a Service is more of a model or methodology where software applications are used or accessed via the web versus installing the application on each user's machine and running the software "locally". These products are built specifically for one-to-many usage over the Internet. The advantages include no maintenance or updates by the IT department, no management of hardware, instant updates delivered by the software company, and pay-as- you go licensing model. Some of the most popular or well known SaaS products include Salesforce.com, QuickBooks or TuboTax Online, and WebEx.



The disadvantages to these services are that it may cost more in the long run, you have less control over the application or little customization capabilities and the vendor's longevity or viability is more of a concern.





Windows Vista is the next generation of Microsoft's operating system. Microsoft Windows Vista helps customers in four key areas: Find and Use information, Enable Mobile Workforce, Improve Security and Compliance and Optimize the Desktop Infrastructure. Features such as Instant Searching, Windows Meeting Place, Sync Center, improved power management, and integrated Windows Defender are great enhancements for business users. However, the hardware, processor and memory requirements are greater than ever.



Prior to implementing Windows Vista we recommend that each business consider three key factors:


  • Age of your workstation hardware
  • Application compatibility
  • Need for Vista features

For assistance with implementation of any emerging technology, contact All Covered to help you evaluate the advantages and disadvantages and to determine if your business will benefit from these new technologies.

About computer software

Computer software, or just software is a general term used to describe a collection of computer programs, procedures and documentation that perform some tasks on a computer system.
The Application software such as word processors which perform productive tasks for users.
Firmware which is software programmed resident to electrically programmable memory devices on board mainboards or other types of integrated hardware carriers.
Middleware which controls and co-ordinates distributed systems.
System software such as operating systems, which interface with hardware to provide the necessary services for application software.
Software testing is a domain independent of development and programming. It consists of various methods to test and declare a software product fit before it can be launched for use by either an individual or a group. Many tests on functionality, performance and appearance are conducted by modern testers with various tools such as QTP, Load runner, Black box testing etc to edit a checklist of requirements against the developed code. ISTQB is a certification that is in demand for engineers who want to pursue a career in testing.
Testware which is an umbrella term or container term for all utilities and application software that serve in combination for testing a software package but not necessarily may optionally contribute to operational purposes. As such, testware is not a standing configuration but merely a working environment for application software or subsets thereof.
Software includes websites, programs, video games, etc. that are coded by programming languages like C, C++, etc.
"Software" is sometimes used in a broader context to mean anything which is not hardware but which is used with hardware, such as film, tapes and records.

What is mobile internet

The Mobile Web refers to the access to brower-based web services such as the World Wide Web, WAP, and i-Mode using a mobile device such as cell phones, PDAs, and other portable gadgets connected to a public network. Such access does not require a desktop computer, nor a fixed landline connection. The total number of mobile web users grew past the total number of PC based internet users for the first time in 2008 (source: Tomi Ahonen Almanac 2009).
Services on the Mobile Web can include capabilities that do not exist on the traditional Internet, such as SMS text messaging.
However, Mobile Web access today still suffers from interoperability and usability problems. This is partly due to the incompatibility of the format of much of the information available on the Internet with mobile devices and partly due to the small physical size of the screens of mobile devices and other device limitations.